CCL2 and ischemia: To assess the effects on inflammation, we determined the levels of the chemokine MCP-1 in the serum, and found that as with MDA after 50 min of ischemia and 6 h of reperfusion the serum MCP-1 concentration in the IR group was dramatically increased compared to the sham, and that AC pretreatment markedly reduced these levels (Figure 5B).