ALCAM and breast carcinoma: ALCAM, a 100- to 105-KDa transmembrane immunoglobulin, has been treated as a tumor-specific prognostic marker and demonstrated to take part in activation of T cells, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and multiple types of tumor propagation and invasiveness (including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer) (42–44).