The most common gene mutations seen in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) are V-Ki-ras2, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); of these, KRAS and EGFR mutations are the most commonly detected. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.