It is also worth noting that IL‐21, a major pathogenic proinflammatory cytokine in T1D[30] was downregulated in the Nap‐GdFdFdY group as compared to Control and Nap‐GdFdAdY groups, although the differences were largely not statistically significant ([Nap‐GdFdFdY] 14 week: 86 ± 10% over control, p = 0.9823; 70 ± 8% over Nap‐GdAdFdY, p = 0.2648; [Nap‐GdFdFdY] 20 week: 62 ± 7% over control, p = 0.1593; 57 ± 6% over Nap‐GdAdFdY, p < 0.05; Figure 5E,F). The gene discussed is IL21; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.