WNT2 and colorectal carcinoma: found that Salmonella AvrA stabilized β‐catenin, thereby enhancing Myc and cyclin D1 expression as well as promoting CRC development and progression.[87] Another study found that in contrast to Wnt2 and Wnt11, Wnt1 was downregulated in Salmonella‐infected colon cancer mice which diminished inflammatory responses against colitis‐associated cancer.[88] With regard to probiotics, their beneficial effects in modulating β‐catenin‐associated pathways can be exploited to treat CRC.