Singh et al. discovered fewer symptoms (minor change in body weight and no diarrhea or blood in feces), decreased numbers of Th1/17 cells, macrophages, and DCs as well as the reduced amount of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-12 in miR-155 deficient animal model of IBD. Here, TNF is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.