These changes include increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (93–95), a higher ratio of cytotoxic T cells to regulatory T cells (93), up-regulation of MHC expression on tumor cells and enhanced presentation of melanoma-associated neo-antigens (91, 95, 96), increased production of IFN-γ and TNF-α (93) and reduced production of immunosuppressive cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10 and VEGF (90, 95) (Figure 2). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.