Nonetheless, the expression of inhibitory and suppressive markers, including genes for IL-4R, IL-10, IL-6, VEGFA, CCL2 and IL-1β (Figure 6A and Supplemental Figure 2A), were mostly expressed by cluster 0, suggesting that these cells had a tumor-promoting and immune-suppressing functions, which resemble MDSC-like cells (52). Here, CCL2 is linked to neoplasm.