Not only is STAT-1 activated within minutes of viral binding, as well as chronically (3 plus weeks after infection) as documented by changes in the patterns of appropriate activating phosphorylated residues, its specific activation is required for the survival and differentiation of monocytes that ultimately is needed for productive infection and viral persistence in organ macrophages (Collins-McMillen et al., 2017b). The gene discussed is STAT1; the disease is infection.