XIAP and neoplasm: XIAP targeting markedly enhances the cytotoxic activity of different cytostatic drugs in various tumor types (Cao et al., 2004; Hussain et al., 2017; Evans et al., 2018), and antagonists of XIAP have been tested in patients with different kinds of tumors in clinical trials (Dean et al., 2009; Carter et al., 2011; Mahadevan et al., 2013; Johnson et al., 2018; Ward et al., 2018).