NPY and epilepsy: Additional studies also reported altered expression of NPY and PV in the context of epilepsy (Vezzani et al., 2002; Yekhlef et al., 2015) and behavioral changes associated with it, including anxiety (Frisch et al., 2009; Wu et al., 2011; O’Loughlin et al., 2014; Zou et al., 2016), corroborating findings linking these neuromodulators with both pathologies.