CD33 and Alzheimer disease: First, the expression of AD biomarkers p-Tau, β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, APOE, TREM2, CD33 in brain tissues were reduced (Figure 9B, p < 0.05), the inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and NF-κB p65 were inhibited (Figure 9B, p < 0.05), and the level of the autophagy-associated gene LC3A/B was upregulated (Figure 9B, p < 0.05).