C9 and frontotemporal dementia: Recently, machine learning applied to RNA sequencing from the frontal cortex of 34 C9ORF72 expansion carriers identified the vesicular transport module as a potent modifier of survival after onset (Dickson et al., 2019), while neuronal transcriptome of the mid-frontal neocortex from seven postmortem C9ORF72 expansion carriers showed that global C9-FTD/ALS-associated transcriptome changes appear driven by the loss of function of the C9ORF72 protein (Liu et al., 2020).