DDIT3 and Alzheimer disease: The exposure of cultured human neurons to amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), the major component of AD amyloid plaques, induces C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression and the activation of the ER-resident caspases 4/12, which are involved in ER stress-induced apoptosis, leading to neuronal death (Hitomi et al., 2004; Roussel et al., 2013).