IFNA1 and infection: Whilst type II IFN (IFN-γ) regulates the cell-mediated response to infection, type I IFN, consisting of 13 subtypes including IFN-α and IFN-β, and type III IFN (IFN-λ) establish an antiviral state in both the infected cell and surrounding, non-infected cells [7, 9, 10].