This line of work, typically based on either single‐stain or double‐stain IHC assays, RNA expression, or DNA sequence analyses, has shown that Black women with breast cancer have more prominent interferon signatures, lymphocytes, macrophages, MHC1 metagene expression, higher immune dysfunction scores, and lower expression levels of PD‐L1 and mast cells [12, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and breast carcinoma.