INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the magnitude of changes in β-cell compensation, insulin sensitivity, first-phase insulin secretion, and proinsulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test, across fasting and two-hour glucose levels spanning NGT to IGT, in a relatively younger Indian origin population of offspring of subjects with T2DM, compared with a stricter glucose controlled group with no known family history of T2DM.