Mito-ROS also suppress the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), a co-activator of nuclear transcription factors, including nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, PPARα, and PPARγ, that contribute to insulin resistance in MetS (Aroor et al., 2012). The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is metabolic syndrome.