For example, up-regulated miR-146a can reduce NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ by targeting STAT1 (Xu et al., 2017), and depresses T-cell immune function in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients by inhibiting STAT1 (Wang et al., 2013b). The gene discussed is STAT1; the disease is chronic hepatitis B virus infection.