Compared to Tex, tumor-specific Tpex cells expressed higher levels of TCF7 and IL7R, and lower levels of cytotoxicity molecules including GZMA, GZMB, and PRF1. Notably, expression of the type 1 classical dendritic cells (cDC1) chemoattractant XCL1 was specific to the Tpex subtype, consistent with Tpex gene profiling in mice21,28,31 and their co-localization with professional antigen-presenting cells niches in murine and human tumors31,55. Here, PRF1 is linked to neoplasm.