Scientists discovered the expression of TRAIL and its receptors in human pancreatic β-cells.71 The activation of TRAIL signaling can kill normal pancreatic β-cells, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.72 Some studies have certified that the OPG/TRAIL ratio is significantly decreased in the vascular wall of diabetic rats,73 suggesting that OPG may regulate energy metabolism through the pathway. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF11B and type 1 diabetes mellitus.