We previously suggested that STAT3 and STAT1 phosphorylation in circulating leukocytes may predict AP severity.12 In the present larger prospective study, we determined NF-κB, STAT1, STAT3, STAT6, and Akt phosphorylation in blood leukocytes in relation to AP severity and potential to predict persistent OD and secondary infections. This evidence concerns the gene STAT1 and infection.