Mechanistically, it can comprise down-regulation of signaling proteins downstream of Toll-like receptors or by endogenous alarmins.27,28 In T cells, E. coli induces up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and down-regulation of the anti-inflammatory IL-10.29 Impaired NF-κB phosphorylation capacity may change this cytokine pattern with concomitant susceptibility to secondary infections. Here, IL10 is linked to infection.