We established a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma after CS exposure, as well as in vitro cultures of HBE cells exposed to OVA and CSE, and administered CpG-ODNs and BUD to assess the effects of CpG-ODNs on airway inflammation and remodeling, as well as GCs insensitivity associated with HDAC2 in mice co-exposed to chronic CS and OVA. This evidence concerns the gene HDAC2 and asthma.