Taken together, these data indicated that CS-exposure associated asthma induced a Th17/Th2-type response, and CpG-ODNs and BUD synergistically decreased the exacerbated levels of Th17- and Th2-associated cytokine, and enhanced the biosynthesis of the Th1-associated cytokine IFN-. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is asthma.