Around the infarct boundary zone, DJ-1 expression was majorly observed within NeuN-positive cells in the peri-infarct area even 24 h after stroke onset (Fig 4C); however, the extracellular DJ-1-including debris that was observed separate from cellular membranes (stained with pan-cadherin antibody) was detected not only in the peri-infarct area but also markedly in the infarct area (Fig 4D). This evidence concerns the gene CDH17 and Stroke.