WDR45 and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5: However, patients with BPAN with WDR45 mutation presented impaired autophagy and lysosomal function (Figure 1A; Saitsu et al., 2013; Seibler et al., 2018; Wan et al., 2019; Xiong et al., 2019), in whom ferritinophagy seems not to be the reason for decreased FTH.