PTEN and malignant glioma: The most common mutations occurring in GBM remain tumor protein 53 (p53), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and neurofibromin 1 (NF1), which account for ∼70% percent of the mutational burden in malignant glioma (Cerami et al., 2012; Gao et al., 2013; Zhang M. et al., 2019).