OLIG2 and central nervous system cancer: These CSCs, known specifically as glioma stem cells or GSCs, have similar properties to neural stem cells (NSCs) and express several markers associated with stemness such as SOX2, nestin, homeobox protein NANOG, and oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2; Bruggeman et al., 2007; Stiles and Rowitch, 2008; Po et al., 2010; Zbinden et al., 2010).