VEGFA and neoplasm: In particular, chemotherapy achieves a high dose of cytotoxic payload and block tumor-feeding arteries by killing the tumor cells based on the cytotoxic effect, while at the same time, TACE causes a microenvironment in a state of ischemia and hypoxia in the embolized tissues, which further promotes tumor angiogenesis via higher expression of proangiogenic factors, such as VEGF (42).