Anti-tumor immune response by IFN-γ can also be elicited by recruitment of additional effector cells, namely NK cells and M1 macrophages to the TME, facilitating T-cell homing through CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines, and via enhanced CD8+ cytotoxicity in the TME (109, 111, 112). Here, CXCL9 is linked to neoplasm.