Beta-toxin, gamma-hemolysin (25, 163, 166), PVL (25, 120, 163), and Hla (166, –, 168) trigger the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils, resulting in proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-18 secretion that is responsible for necrotic injuries and severe pneumonia in vivo (167). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is pneumonia.