This has been demonstrated through smooth and linear immunostaining for IgG and C3 along the GBM in the kidney biopsy specimens.[2] However, pulmonary-dominant atypical anti-GBM disease, in which only linear immune deposits are observed along the basement membrane, has also been reported at a frequency under 10% in the absence of clinical evidence such as crescentic glomerulonephritis and renal failure.[2]. This evidence concerns the gene C3 and acute kidney injury.