Although α1AT polymers are most abundant intracellularly, polymers have also been identified in circulation (Tan et al., 2014), in tissues, in the skin and kidney of α1AT-deficient patients with panniculitis (Gross et al., 2009) or vasculitis (Morris et al., 2011), and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with lung disease (Morrison et al., 1987). Here, SERPINA1 is linked to lung disorder.