Notably, cluster 0 shows upregulation or activation of multiple genes whose alteration play important roles in the pathophysiology of human pancreatic diseases such as CFTR for hereditary CP (Raphael and Willingham, 2016) and TGFB2 and CTNNB1 for pancreatic cancer (Shen et al., 2017; Gordon et al., 2008; Heiser et al., 2008; Figure 2—source data 1 and 3). Here, TGFB2 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.