Figure 1 shows the variation time dynamics of infection markers47. The succinct definition of such markers is given in Figure 2, 48. For infection screening, an immunoassay laboratory test or a rapid test is used for detecting the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). If positive, the diagnosis is supplemented by total anti-HBc, and, if possible, molecular test (HBV-DNA). HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBs, alongside the other markers, help in the clinical phase assessment and the infection evolution monitoring16,37,42-44,.49 Here, HBE1 is linked to infection.