CDC42 and cancer: Since Cdc42 GEFs are activated by a diverse spectrum of cell surface receptors including G-protein coupled receptors, growth factor receptors, integrins and cytokines it is not surprising that several GEFS have been identified to be dysregulated in cancer.68 The ability of Cdc42-signaling to contribute to cell migration would mean that under oncogenic conditions, due to other signaling factors, it could potentially behave as a tumorigenic factor in the absence of its own direct dysregulation.