LaminA/C, a marker for nuclear protein was not detected in the cytoplasmic fraction, and β-tubulin, a marker for cytoplasmic protein was not detected in the nuclear fractions, suggesting that neither fractions are contaminated by the counterpart (Figure 3a), which validates the findings that part of HMGB1 protein locates at cytoplasm in uninfected cells, and virus infection promotes accumulation of HMGB1 protein in the nucleus but the total protein levels in cytoplasm were decreased. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and viral infectious disease.