Interestingly, as per our analysis in HLA-A*02:01-positive influenza patients24, the frequencies of A/PB1498+, B/NP165+ and B/NA32+ CD8+ T-cells in blood of IAV- and IBV-infected patients during infection were comparable to that of memory CD8+ T-cell frequencies (Fig. 6b) This, most likely reflects the accumulation of influenza-specific CD8+ T-cells at the site of infection rather than in the peripheral blood. Here, HLA-A is linked to infection.