EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In NSCLC (in particular in 10–15% of adenocarcinomas of Caucasian patients and in 40% of Asian patients), activating EGFR mutations have been identified for exons 18, 19, 20 and 21, the presence of which represents the most important predictive factor for the adoption of molecular target therapies with specific EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) (Marchetti et al. 2015).