Similarly to the TGF-β/HIF-1 cooperation (Copple 2010) TGF-β collaborates with other EMT inducers such as Wnt or Notch to co-stimulate EMT thereby promoting an invasive and pro-metastatic phenotype of tumour cells (Murillo-Garzón et al. 2018). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.