We found that hyperglycaemia alone and in combination with TGFβ1 increased phosphorylated ERK, consistent with findings from Fujita et al. Their results also showed that LLC-PK1 proximal tubule cell hypertrophy induced by high glucose was subdued with the ERK inhibitor PD98059 [39]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Hyperglycemia.