TNF and colitis: Such treatment significantly attenuated the clinical signs of colitis in WT mice as indicated by less weight loss, lower DAI score, less shortening in colon length, less histopathological findings, and lower serum cytokines of TNF-α, IL-6, and CCL2, whereas such effects of SKF-38393 were severely impaired in DRD5−/− mice (Fig. 6A–E).