A recent study had identified six memory B cell subgroups via mass cytometry, including CD19high, CD11c+ memory B cells and CD95 memory B cell subgroups.36CD11c+ B cell subgroups has been reported in the context of vaccine-elicited clonal expansion, viral infections, and autoimmunity.27,46,47CD95+ B cell subgroups was suggested representing an effector memory population.36 In our study, memory B cells were classified into Exprelow memory B cells, memory B cells and activated memory B cells subgroups via transcriptomic analysis by scRNA-seq. Here, FAS is linked to viral infectious disease.