In addition, we also performed ELISAs to evaluate the inflammatory response, and the results showed that the significant decreases in proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, induced by HS-pretreated UC-MSCs in this ALI model were markedly reversed after HSP70 knockdown (Fig. 6f). Here, TNF is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.