HGF and ovarian cancer: Ascites contain substantial amounts of growth factors such as lysophosphatic acid (LPA), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukins (IL)1β, IL-6, IL-8, chemokine ligand 5 (CCL-5) and chemokine receptors (CCR)-1/3/5, CCL-19/21 and CCR-7 [139], with known EMT initiating roles in ovarian cancer [114, 140].