Notably, some pathways involved in immune response such as Th17 cell differentiation, graft-versus-host disease, intestinal immune network for IgA production, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, as well as PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, were significantly associated with NEFM methylation (Fig. 4f). Here, CD274 is linked to graft versus host disease.