Transwell assay and wound healing assay were employed to detect cell invasive and migratory abilities of ccRCC cells in different groups, finding that cell invasive and migratory abilities were remarkably increased after SPN was overexpressed, while such effect was reversed in miR-mimics + oe-SPN group (Fig. 5e, f). This evidence concerns the gene SPN and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.