VCAM1 and diabetes mellitus: CHA-061 treatment significantly attenuated or blocked the expression of diabetes-associated profibrotic genes TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TβRI, TβRII, and CTGF, sclerotic genes such as COL1, COL3, COL4, FN, and MMP2, proinflammatory genes such as TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), MCP-1, intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM1) in the kidneys.