Furthermore, compared with CDA1 wild-type (WT) mice, the expression of TGF-β, TβRI, TβRII, and key target genes of TGF-β associated with diabetes including CTGF, α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), COL1, COL3, and COL4, as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM-1) and FN were significantly attenuated in diabetic CDA1 KO mice. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and diabetes mellitus.