TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Studies have suggested that CDA1 (also known as TSPYL2, TSPX, Se20-4, NP79, CINAP, and DENTT) has a synergistic effect with TGF-β, which activates the TGF-β signaling pathway and promotes the occurrence and development of renal fibrosis in DN [32, 33].