IRF1 and craniofacial microsomia: It was found that TRL isolated from human plasma after HFM regulated TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression by regulating the IRF-1-dependent transcription mechanism, which indicated that postprandial TRL plays a direct role in regulating the expression of IRF-1 and downstream inflammatory reaction, affecting endothelial function and producing an atherogenic effect (67).