Several groups showed that tangle-bearing neurons contain higher levels of unesterified cholesterol than tangle-free neighboring neurons in the brains of AD patients and transgenic mice expressing FTDP-17-associated P301L tau mutant as well as Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) (Giaccone et al., 1996; Distl et al., 2001, 2003; Girardot et al., 2003; Glockner and Ohm, 2014). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.