There were no significant differences in cleaved-caspase 3/caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 8/caspase 8, Bax/Bcl2, LC3 II/LC3 I, Beclin-1, and ATG7 levels among three HSD groups with HR, HP, and HTN (Figure 2). Here, BECN1 is linked to hypertensive disorder.