FAP and atherosclerosis: Moreover, FAP expression is also increased in several nonmalignant diseases where active tissue remodeling is involved, including hepatic fibrosis (Levy et al., 1999), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Acharya et al., 2006), atherosclerosis (Brokopp et al., 2011), rheumatoid arthritis (Bauer et al., 2006), and myocardial infarction (Tillmanns et al., 2015).